Which of the following are the three phases of a surgical procedure?

The three phases of a surgical procedure are pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative. These phases outline the continuum of care a patient goes through surrounding a surgical intervention.

In the pre-operative phase, the focus is on preparing the patient for surgery, which includes assessment, obtaining informed consent, and conducting necessary evaluations such as lab tests or imaging. This phase ensures that the patient is medically ready for the procedure and that all logistical components are in place.

During the intra-operative phase, the actual surgery takes place. Surgical teams perform the procedure with attention to sterile technique, patient safety, and adherence to surgical protocols. This phase involves intense focus and collaboration among the surgical team to ensure a successful outcome.

After the surgery, the post-operative phase begins, which involves monitoring the patient as they recover from anesthesia and ensuring they have the appropriate care to prevent complications. This phase also includes pain management and support for rehabilitation as needed.

The other choices describe processes related to patient care but do not specifically break down the surgical procedure into its three primary phases. For example, while preparation, execution, and recovery are components of the surgical process, they do not accurately represent the distinct pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative designations used in surgical practice.